intangiriro: Nkigice cyingenzi cyo guhererekanya amashanyarazi no gutumanaho, insinga ninsinga nibyingenzi kugirango twige kandi dusobanukirwe nibyingenzi byinsinga.Iyi ngingo izatangirira kumyumvire yibanze yinsinga, gutandukanya insinga ninsinga hamwe no kumenyekanisha muri make imiterere, ibisabwa byinsinga z'umuringa, icyuma cyiziritse hamwe na jacket, ibisobanuro byamabara yinsinga, gutondekanya insinga, ibisobanuro by gucapa ku nsinga, gupima insinga hamwe no gupakira bikwiranye Winjire mubyibanze byinsinga na kabili mubijyanye no gutembera, kugenzura, kugerageza no gupima.
1. Igitekerezo cyibanze cyinsinga: Insinga nuyobora zikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kandi mubisanzwe bikozwe mubikoresho byicyuma nkumuringa cyangwa aluminium.Ubusanzwe igizwe numuyoboro wo hagati, uzengurutswe muri insulasiyo kugirango uhagarike kumeneka no guhuza bitaziguye nibindi bintu.Icyatsi cyo hanze gikoreshwa mukurinda urwego rwimyororokere kwangirika kwumubiri nu miti.
Intangiriro irambuye: Umuyoboro wo hagati winsinga urashobora kuba umuyobozi ukomeye (nkainsinga ikomeye y'umuringa) cyangwa umuyobozi uhagaze (nk'umugozi wumuringa uhagaze).Imiyoboro ikomeye irakwiriye kumirongo mike yumurongo muto no kohereza intera ngufi, mugihe imiyoboro ihagaze ikwiranye numuyoboro mwinshi kandi wohereza intera ndende.Ibikoresho byo murwego rushobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye, nka polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) cyangwa polyethylene (XLPE).
2.Itandukaniro n'imiterere y'insinga n'insinga:
2.1 Itandukaniro: Ubusanzwe insinga ni intangiriro imwe hamwe nuyobora ikigo kimwe gusa.Umugozi ugizwe ninsinga nyinshi, buri cyuma cyibanze kigira icyerekezo cyacyo, kimwe nuburinganire rusange hamwe nicyatsi cyo hanze.
Intangiriro irambuye: Intsinga zombi zirakora kandi ziragoye kandi zirakwiriye guhererekanya ibintu byinshi hamwe no kohereza amashanyarazi maremare.Imiterere ya kabili ntabwo ikubiyemo gusa umuyobozi wo hagati hamwe nu gipande cyiziritse, ariko nanone yuzuza, urwego rukingira, icyuma cyiziritse hamwe nicyatsi cyo hanze.Uzuza bikoreshwa mukubungabunga intera ihamye hagati yinsinga zingenzi.Igice cyo gukingira gikoreshwa mugutandukanya intera hagati yinsinga zingenzi.Urupapuro rwimashini rukoreshwa mukurinda urwego rusange rwokwirinda, mugihe icyuma cyo hanze gikoreshwa mukurinda urwego rwimyororokere kwangirika kwumubiri nubumara.
3. Ibisabwa ku nsinga z'umuringa: Nkibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu kuyobora, insinga z'umuringa zisaba umuvuduko mwinshi.Usibye amashanyarazi, insinga z'umuringa zigomba no kugira ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro, imbaraga zingana no kurwanya ruswa.
Intangiriro irambuye: Nkibikoresho byayobora, umuringa ufite imbaraga nke zamashanyarazi, amashanyarazi menshi hamwe nubushuhe bwiza.Umuyoboro mwinshi wumuringa urashobora gutanga uburyo bwiza.Byongeye kandi, umuringa ugomba kuba ufite imbaraga zihagije kandi zirwanya ruswa kugirango urambe kandi wizere.
4. Urupapuro rwokwizirika hamwe na jacket: Igikoresho cyo gukingira gikoreshwa kugirango wirinde kumeneka no guhura nibindi bintu.Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa ni polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) hamwe na polyethylene ihuza (XLPE).Icyatsi cyo hanze gikoreshwa mu kurinda urwego rwimitsi rwangirika ku mubiri no mu miti, kandi ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa ni polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cyangwa polyethylene (PE).
Intangiriro irambuye: Igice cyo kubika ni igice cyingenzi cyo gukumira no kurinda insinga ninsinga.Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kubika bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye muburyo butandukanye bwo gusaba.Urugero rwa polyvinyl chloride (PVC), kurugero, rufite ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi no kurwanya imiti kandi birakwiriye kohereza amashanyarazi mumazu no mubucuruzi.Inzira ya polyethylene (PE) irwanya ubukonje kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hanze.Ihuza rya polyethylene (XLPE) ryuzuzanya rifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi burakwiriye gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ahantu hashyuha cyane.
5. ibisobanuro byamabara yinsinga: Mu nsinga ninsinga, insinga zamabara atandukanye zerekana imikoreshereze itandukanye nurwego rwa voltage.Kurugero, murwego mpuzamahanga rwa komisiyo ishinzwe amashanyarazi (IEC), ubururu bugereranya insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye, umuhondo-icyatsi ugereranya insinga zubutaka, naho umutuku cyangwa umutuku ugereranya insinga ya fase.
Intangiriro irambuye: Ibisobanuro byamabara yinsinga ahanini bihuza mumahanga kandi bikoreshwa mugutandukanya imirongo n'imikorere itandukanye.Kurugero, ubururu mubisanzwe bwerekana insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye, inzira yo kugaruka kurubu.Umuhondo-icyatsi mubisanzwe byerekana insinga y'ubutaka, ikoreshwa mugutwara amashanyarazi neza.Umutuku cyangwa umukara mubisanzwe bikoreshwa nkicyuma cya fase, ishinzwe gutwara amashanyarazi.Ibihugu n'uturere bitandukanye birashobora kugira itandukaniro rito, ugomba rero gusobanukirwa ibipimo ngenderwaho byaho.
6. Gutondekanya inkoni z'insinga: Insinga zirashobora gushyirwa mubice ukurikije imiterere y'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kubika, ibikoresho bya flame retardant, nibindi. .
Intangiriro irambuye: Gutondekanya insinga bishingiye kumiterere itandukanye nibisabwa.Intsinga ya voltage ntoya irakwiriye munzu nubucuruzi, kandi mubisanzwe birwanya voltage iri munsi ya 1000V.Intsinga ziciriritse hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi birakwiriye kumirongo yohereza, kandi urwego rwumubyigano rushobora kuba hagati ya 1kV na 500kV.Umugozi wa flame-retardant insinga zifite ibintu byiza bya flame-retardant kandi birinda umuriro gukwirakwira.
7. ibisobanuro byo gucapa insinga: Gucapa kumurongo ni ukumenya amakuru yihariye yinsinga, nkuwabikoze, icyitegererezo, ibisobanuro, urwego rwa voltage, nibindi. Aya makuru ni ingenzi mugushiraho neza, gukoresha no gufata neza insinga .
Intangiriro irambuye: Gucapura kumurongo ni ikimenyetso cyongewemo nuwabikoze mugihe cyo gukora kugirango akurikirane kandi yemeze amakuru yihariye ya wire.Binyuze mu icapiro, abakoresha barashobora kumenya ubuziranenge, ibisobanuro hamwe nibidukikije bikoreshwa.Kurugero, izina ryuwabikoze hamwe namakuru yamakuru arashobora gufasha abakoresha nyuma yo kugurisha hamwe nubufasha bwa tekiniki.
8. Gupima insinga hamwe na ampacity ihuye: Igipimo cyurugero rwerekana ibisobanuro na diameter ya wire.Insinga zuburyo butandukanye zifite ubushobozi butandukanye bwo gutwara imizigo hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara, bigomba guhitamo ukurikije ibikenewe byihariye.
Intangiriro irambuye: Ubusanzwe insinga igereranwa nibisanzwe, nkibisobanuro bya AWG (American Wire Gauge), milimetero kare (mm²).Insinga zisobanutse zitandukanye zifite ibice bitandukanye byambukiranya ibice hamwe nu mashanyarazi, bityo ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu nabyo bizaba bitandukanye.Ukurikije umutwaro uriho hamwe nuburebure bwinsinga, hashobora gutorwa igipimo gikwiye kugirango harebwe neza neza insinga.
9. kugenzura, kugerageza, ibisobanuro bisanzwe: Kugirango harebwe niba insinga yujuje ibisabwa byumutekano no kwizerwa, insinga igomba gukorerwa igenzura rikomeye.Mubisanzwe, gukora no gukoresha inkoni zinsinga bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo byigihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga bijyanye, nka IEC, GB nibindi bipimo.
Intangiriro irambuye: Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwinsinga bisaba kugenzura no kugerageza.Kurugero, ibintu nkibirwanya abayobora, imbaraga zokwirinda amashanyarazi, kuramba kwingirangingo, hamwe nimbaraga zingirakamaro zibikoresho bigomba kugeragezwa.Byongeye kandi, abayikora n’abakoresha bakeneye kubahiriza ibipimo byigihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga, nka IEC, GB, nibindi, kugirango barebe ko insinga zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byumutekano hamwe nibisobanuro bya tekiniki.
mu gusoza: Ubumenyi bwibanze bwinsinga ninsinga ningirakamaro mugukoresha neza no gufata neza insinga na kabili.Mugusobanukirwa ibyibanze byinsinga, gutandukanya insinga ninsinga, ibisabwa byinsinga zumuringa, ibyuma byokwirinda hamwe namakoti, ibisobanuro byamabara yinsinga, kwinjiza ibyiciro, insobanuro yo gucapa insinga, gupima insinga hamwe nogutwara ibintu bijyanye ubushobozi no kugenzura, Hamwe n'ubumenyi bwo gupima nibipimo, turashobora gusobanukirwa neza no gukoresha insinga na kabili.Nizere ko iyi ngingo izafasha abasomyi no kuzamura ubumenyi bwumwuga bwa wire na kabili.
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Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-21-2023